Below you will find programming code reference for CSS covering Comments, Properties, and Selectors.
COMMENTS
Comments in CSS are signified by a forward-slash and asterisk.
Example
/* This is a single line comment */
PROPERTIES
Properties are defined within selectors by defining a property and a value. They are separated with a colon and delineated with a semi-colon.
Syntax
selector {
property: value;
}
Example
h1 {
color: blue;
}
Defining Many Properties
Example
h1 {
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid black;
color: pink;
}
/* This will make all <h1> headers big, bold, pink, and
inside of a thin black rectangle! */
Padding
The padding is the spacing between the content and the border (edge of the element.). We can adjust this value with CSS to move the border closer to or farther from the content. Here, the div with id ‘box’ will get 10px of padding all around it.
Example
#box {
padding: 10px;
}
Margin
The margin is the space around the element. The larger the margin, the more space between our element and the elements around it. We can adjust the margin to move our HTML elements closer to or farther from each other. Here, the div with id ‘box’ will get 10px of margin above and below it, and 5px of margin to the left and right.
Example
#box {
margin: 10px 5px 10px 5px;
}
Font-Family
The font-family property sets the font of an HTML element’s text.
Syntax
p {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
Q
R
S
SELECTORS
Selectors are used in CSS to select the parts of the HTML that are being styled. You can use several different methods for selecting an element.
Syntax
selector {
rules;
rules;
rules;
}
Class Name Selectors
You can also select HTML elements by their Class name. Unlike ID selectors, Class selectors select all elements with a matching class.
Example
a.link {
font-size: 12px;
}
/* HTML Selected: <a href="https://google.com" class="link">,
<a href="https://tpw.techprimeonline.com" class="link jumbo"> */
Example
.jumbo {
text-size: 1000px;
}
/* HTML Selected: <a href="https://example.com" class="link jumbo">,
<span class="jumbo"> */
Element Selectors
You are able to select HTML elements first by simply using the name of the element.
Example
body {
background-color: #333;
}
Example
h1 {
color: blue;
}
Example
a {
text-underline: none;
}
ID Selectors
ID selectors are used to select only a single item on a page. Like the term (“identification”) indicates, ID selectors will ONLY select the first element with a matching ID.
Example
#ThisItemNeededToStyle {
color: blue;
font-size: 24px;
}
/* HTML Selected: <span id="ThisItemNeededToStyle"> */
Example
a#techprimeweb {
color: purple;
}
/* HTML Selected: <a href="https://tpw.techprimeonline.com" id="techprimeweb"> */
Attribute Selectors
HTML elements are also able to be selected by their attributes.
Example
a[href="https://tpw.techprimeonline.com"] {
color: purple;
}
/* HTML Selected: <a href="https://tpw.techprimeonline.com"> */
Example
input[type="text"] {
width: 100px;
}
/* HTML Selected: <input type="text"> */
Example
input[required] {
border: 1px red solid;
}
/* HTML Selected: <input type="text" required> */
Child Selectors
You can also use multiple selectors to get the exact elements you want, by using parental nesting. By using the “greater-than” symbol (>), you can select only the direct children of an element, going down only one level.
Example
ul > li {
display: inline-block
}
/* Selects only the first-level list items in
all unordered lists in the HTML */
Example
ul a {
text-underline: none;
}
/* Selects all anchors which have an
unordered list their ancestry */
Example
ul + span {
display: inline;
}
/* Selects only spans that directly follow an unordered list */
Example
a ~ h1 {
color: blue;
}
/* Selects all h1 elements that are in the
general vicinity of an anchor */
Universal Selector
The universal selector (*) may be used to select all the elements in a particular range. Be aware that the universal selector is the most performance taxing selector, and should be used sparingly.
Example
* {
background-color: blue;
}
/* Selects ALL HTML elements in the page */
Example
body * {
color: red;
}
/* Selects ALL children of the body */
Example
div > * {
color: red;
}
/* Selects ALL first-level children of all divs on the page */
Pseudo Class Selectors
Pseudo Selectors can be used to narrow down a selection with certain rules.
Example
li:first-child {
color: red;
}
/*
This selects only <li> elements that have no elements before them
<ul>
<li>Selected; will be red</li>
<li>Not selected</li>
<li>Not selected</li>
</ul>
*/
li:last-child {
color: red;
}
/* This does the opposite; only the last <li> will be red. */
Example
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
/* Will underline all links when the user puts their mouse over them */
a:active {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Will make all links bold while the user is clicking on them. */
